antihemophilic factor, recombinant
Dosage Form: injection
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
Indications and Usage for Helixate FS
Control and Prevention of Bleeding Episodes
Helixate® FS is an antihemophilic factor that is indicated for the control and prevention of bleeding episodes in adults and children (0-16 years) with hemophilia A.
Peri-operative Management
Helixate FS is indicated for surgical prophylaxis in adults and children with hemophilia A.
Routine Prophylaxis in Children with Hemophilia A with No Pre-existing Joint Damage
Helixate FS is indicated for routine prophylactic treatment to reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes and the risk of joint damage in children with no pre-existing joint damage.
Helixate FS is not indicated for the treatment of von Willebrand's disease.
Helixate FS Dosage and Administration
For Intravenous Use After Reconstitution
- Treatment with Helixate FS should be initiated under the supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of hemophilia A.
- Each vial of Helixate FS has the recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) potency in international units stated on the label.
- Dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the factor VIII deficiency, the location and extent of bleeding, and the patient's clinical condition.1 Careful control of replacement therapy is especially important in cases of major surgery or life-threatening bleeding episodes (see Table 1 and Table 2).
The expected in vivo peak increase in factor VIII level expressed as IU/dL (or % normal) can be estimated using the following formulas:
Dosage (units) = body weight (kg) × desired factor VIII rise (IU/dL or % or normal) × 0.5 (IU/kg per IU/dL)
OR
IU/dL (or % normal) = Total Dose (IU)/body weight (kg) × 2 [IU/dL]/[IU/kg]
Examples (assuming patient's baseline factor VIII level is <1% of normal):
- A dose of 1750 IU Helixate FS administered to a 70 kg patient should be expected to result in a peak post-infusion factor VIII increase of 1750 IU × {[2 IU/dL]/[IU/kg]}/[70 kg] = 50 IU/dL (50% of normal).
- A peak level of 50% is required in a 15 kg child. In this situation, the appropriate dose would be: 50 IU/dL/{[2 IU/dL]/[IU/kg]} × 15 kg = 375 IU.
Doses administered should be titrated to the patient's clinical response. Patients may vary in their pharmacokinetic (e.g., half-life, in vivo recovery) and clinical responses to Helixate FS.2,3,4 Although the dose can be estimated by the calculations above, it is highly recommended that, whenever possible, appropriate laboratory tests including serial factor VIII activity assays be performed (see Monitoring Laboratory Tests [5.4] and Pharmacokinetics [12.3]).
Control and Prevention of Bleeding Episodes
The careful control of treatment dose is especially important in cases of life–threatening bleeding episodes or major surgery.
The following table can be used to guide dosing in bleeding episodes:
| Type of Bleeding Episode | Factor VIII Level Required (IU/dL or % of normal) | Dosage and Frequency Necessary to Maintain the Therapeutic Plasma Level |
| Minor Early hemarthrosis, minor muscle or oral bleeds. | 20-40 | 10–20 IU per kg Repeat dose if there is evidence of further bleeding. |
| Moderate Bleeding into muscles, bleeding into the oral cavity, definite hemarthroses, and known trauma. | 30-60 | 15–30 IU per kg Repeat dose every 12–24 hours until bleeding is resolved. |
| Major Gastrointestinal bleeding. Intracranial, intra-abdominal or intrathoracic bleeding, central nervous system bleeding, bleeding in the retropharyngeal or retroperitoneal spaces, or iliopsoas sheath. Fractures. Head trauma. | 80-100 | Initial dose 40–50 IU per kg Repeat dose 20–25 IU per kg every 8–12 hours until bleeding is resolved. |
Peri-operative Management
The careful control of treatment dose is especially important in cases of major surgery or life-threatening bleeding episodes.
The following table can be used to guide dosing in surgery:
| Type of Surgery | Factor VIII Level Required (IU/dL or % of normal) | Dosage and Frequency Necessary to Maintain the Therapeutic Plasma Level |
| Minor Including tooth extraction. | 30-60 | 15 – 30 IU per kg Repeat dose every 12-24 hours until bleeding is resolved. |
| Major Examples include tonsillectomy, inguinal herniotomy, synovectomy, total knee replacement, craniotomy, osteosynthesis, and trauma. | 100 | Pre-operative dose 50 IU per kg Verify 100% activity prior to surgery. Repeat as necessary after 6 to 12 hours initially, and for 10 to 14 days until healing is complete. |
Routine Prophylaxis in Children with No Pre-existing Joint Damage
The recommended dose for routine prophylaxis is 25 IU/kg of body weight every other day.5
Instructions for Use
Helixate FS is administered by intravenous (IV) injection after reconstitution. Patients should follow the specific reconstitution and administration procedures provided by their physicians.
For instructions, patients should follow the recommendations in the FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (see FDA-Approved Patient Labeling).
Reconstitution, product administration, and handling of the administration set and needles must be done with caution. Percutaneous puncture with a needle contaminated with blood can transmit infectious viruses including HIV (AIDS) and hepatitis. Obtain immediate medical attention if injury occurs. Place needles in a sharps container after single use. Discard all equipment, including any reconstituted Helixate FS product, in an appropriate container.
Preparation and Reconstitution
The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for the reconstitution and administration of Helixate FS. Always work on a clean flat surface and wash hands before performing the following procedures.
1.Warm the unopened diluent and the concentrate to a temperature not to exceed 37°C or 99°F.
2.Place the product vial, diluent vial and Mix2Vial™ on a flat surface.
3.Ensure product and diluent vial flip caps are removed and the stoppers are treated with an aseptic solution and allowed to dry prior to opening the Mix2Vial package.
4.Open the Mix2Vial package by peeling away the lid (Fig. 1).
Figure 1
Leave the Mix2Vial in the clear package. Place the diluent vial on an even surface and hold the vial tight. Grip the Mix2Vial together with the package and snap the blue end onto the diluent stopper (Fig. 2).
Figure 2
5.Carefully remove the clear package from the Mix2Vial set. Make sure that you only pull up the package and not the Mix2Vial set (Fig. 3).
Figure 3
6.With the product vial firmly on a surface, invert the diluent vial with the set attached and snap the transparent adapter onto the product vial stopper (Fig. 4). The diluent will automatically transfer into the product vial.
Figure 4
7.With the diluent and product vial still attached, gently swirl the product vial to ensure the powder is fully dissolved (Fig. 5). Do not shake vial.
Figure 5
8.With one hand grasp the product-side of the Mix2Vial set and with the other hand grasp the blue diluent-side of the Mix2Vial set and unscrew the set into two pieces (Fig. 6)
Figure 6
9.Draw air into an empty, sterile syringe. While the product vial is upright, screw the syringe to the Mix2Vial set. Inject air into the product vial. While keeping the syringe plunger pressed, invert the system upside down and draw the concentrate into the syringe by pulling the plunger back slowly (Fig. 7).
Figure 7
10.Now that the concentrate has been transferred into the syringe, firmly grasp the barrel of the syringe (keeping the syringe plunger facing down) and unscrew the syringe from the Mix2Vial set (Fig. 8). Attach the syringe to an administration set made with microbore tubing. Use of other administration sets without microbore tubing may result in a larger retention of the solution within the administration set.
Figure 8
11.If the same patient is to receive more than one bottle, the contents of two bottles may be drawn into the same syringe through a separate unused Mix2Vial set before attaching the vein needle.
12.Helixate FS should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
Administration
For Intravenous Use Only After Reconstitution
- Helixate FS should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Turbid or discolored solution should be discarded.
- Reconstituted Helixate FS may be stored at room temperature prior to administration, but is to be administered within 3 hours.
- A dose of Helixate FS may be administered over a period of 1 to 15 minutes. The rate of administration however, should be adapted to the response of each individual patient. The pulse rate should be determined before and during administration of Helixate FS. If there is a significant increase in pulse rate, reducing the rate of administration or temporarily halting the injection allows the symptoms to disappear promptly.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Helixate FS is available as a lyophilized powder in single-use glass vials containing 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 International Units (IU).
Each vial of Helixate FS is labeled with the recombinant antihemophilic factor activity expressed in IU per vial. This potency assignment employs a factor VIII concentrate standard that is referenced to a WHO International Standard for factor VIII concentrates, and is evaluated by appropriate methodology to ensure accuracy of the results.
Contraindications
Helixate FS is contraindicated in patients who have manifested life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to the product or its components, including mouse or hamster proteins.
Warnings and Precautions
General
The clinical response to Helixate FS may vary. If bleeding is not controlled with the recommended dose, the plasma level of factor VIII should be determined and a sufficient dose of Helixate FS should be administered to achieve a satisfactory clinical response. If the patient's plasma factor VIII level fails to increase as expected or if bleeding is not controlled after the expected dose, the presence of an inhibitor (neutralizing antibodies) should be suspected and appropriate testing performed (see Monitoring Laboratory Tests [5.4]).
Anaphylaxis and Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions
Allergic-type hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported with Helixate FS and have manifested as pruritus, rash, urticaria, hives, facial swelling, dizziness, hypotension, nausea, chest discomfort, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, discomfort (generalized) and fatigue. Discontinue Helixate FS if symptoms occur and seek immediate emergency treatment.
Helixate FS contains trace amounts of mouse immunoglobulin G (MuIgG) and hamster (BHK) proteins. Patients treated with this product may develop hypersensitivity to these non-human mammalian proteins.
Neutralizing Antibodies
Patients treated with antihemophilic factor (AHF) products should be carefully monitored for the development of factor VIII inhibitors by appropriate clinical observations and laboratory tests.6 Inhibitors have been reported following administration of Helixate FS predominantly in previously untreated patients. If expected plasma factor VIII activity levels are not attained, or if bleeding is not controlled with an expected dose, an assay that measures factor VIII inhibitor concentration should be performed (see Monitoring Laboratory Tests [5.4]).
Monitoring Laboratory Tests
- Monitor plasma factor VIII activity levels by the one-stage clotting assay to confirm the adequate factor VIII levels have been achieved and maintained, when clinically indicated (see Dosage and Administration [2]).
- Monitor for development of factor VIII inhibitors. If expected factor VIII plasma levels are not attained, or if bleeding is not controlled with the expected dose of Helixate FS, perform assay to determine if factor VIII inhibitor is present. Use Bethesda Units (BU) to titer inhibitors.
- If the inhibitor is less than 10 BU per mL, the administration of additional Helixate FS concentrate may neutralize the inhibitor, and may permit an appropriate hemostatic response.
- Adequate hemostasis may not be achieved if Inhibitor titers are above 10 BU per mL. The inhibitor titer may rise following Helixate FS infusion as a result of an anamnestic response to factor VIII. The treatment or prevention of bleeding in such patients requires the use of alternative therapeutic approaches and agents.
Adverse Reactions
The most serious adverse reactions are systemic hypersensitivity reactions including bronchospastic reactions and/or hypotension and anaphylaxis and the development of high-titer inhibitors necessitating alternative treatments to AHF.
The most common adverse reactions observed in clinical trials (frequency ≥ 4% of patients) are inhibitor formation in previously untreated patients (PUPs) and minimally treated patients (MTPs), skin-related hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, pruritus), infusion site reactions (e.g., inflammation, pain), and central venous access device (CVAD) line-associated infections in patients requiring a CVAD for intravenous administration.
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
Previously Treated Patients (PTPs)
During the clinical studies conducted in PTPs, 451 adverse events (irrespective of the relationship to the study drug) were reported in the course of 24,936 infusions (1.8%). Twenty-four of the 451 adverse events were assessed as related to Helixate FS (0.1%).
Adverse reactions reported by ≥ 4% of the patients are listed in Table 3 below.
| MedDRA Primary SOC | Preferred Term | Total No. of Patients: 73 No. of Patients with AR (%) | Total No. of Infusions: 24,936 AR per Infusion (%) |
| SOC = System Organ Class | |||
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | Rash, pruritus | 6 (8.2%) | 0.02 |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | Infusion site reactions | 3 (4.1%) | 0.01 |
Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) and Minimally Treated Patients (MTPs)
In clinical studies with pediatric PUPs and MTPs, 726 adverse events were reported in the course of 9,389 infusions (7.7%). Twenty-nine of the 726 adverse events were assessed as related to Helixate FS (0.3%).
Adverse reactions reported by ≥ 4% of the patients are listed in Table 4 below.
| MedDRA Primary SOC | Preferred Term | Total No. of Patients: 61 No. of Patients with AR (%) | Total No. of Infusions: 9,389 AR per Infusion (%) |
| SOC = System Organ Class | |||
| |||
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | Rash, pruritus, urticaria | 10 (16.4) | 0.01 |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | Factor VIII inhibition | 9 (15)* | N/A |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | Infusion site reactions | 4 (6.6) | 0.04 |
Minimally Treated Patients (MTPs) in the Joint Outcome Study
In the Joint Outcome Study in MTP pediatric patients treated with routine prophylaxis or episodic enhanced treatment for 5.5 years, 46 of the 65 randomized patients experienced adverse events over the study duration. Adverse events were not assessed for their relationship with Helixate FS.
| MedDRA Primary SOC | Preferred Term | Total No. of Prophylaxis Arm Patients: 32 No. of Patients with AE (%) | Total No. of Enhanced Episodic Arm Patients: 33 No. of Patients with AE (%) |
| SOC = System Organ Class | |||
| |||
| Surgical and Medical Procedures | Central venous catheterization, Catheter removal | 19 (59) | 18* (55) |
| Infections and Infestations | Central line infection | 6 (19) | 6 (18) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | Pyrexia | 1 (3) | 4 (12) |
Immunogenicity
In clinical studies with 73 PTPs (defined as having more than 100 exposure days), one patient had a pre-existing inhibitor. In the other 72 patients, followed over 4 years, no de-novo inhibitors were observed.
In clinical studies with pediatric PUPs and MTPs, inhibitor development was observed in 9 out of 60 patients (15%), 6 were high titer1(>5 BU) and 3 were low-titer inhibitors. Inhibitors were detected at a median number of 7 exposure days (range 2 to 16 exposure days).
In the Joint Outcome Study with Helixate FS,5 de-novo inhibitor development was observed in 8 of 64 patients with negative baseline values (12.5%), 2 patients developed high titer1 (>5 BU) and were withdrawn from the study. Six patients developed low-titer inhibitors. Inhibitors were detected at a median number of 44 exposure days (range 5 to 151 exposure days).
Post-Marketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Helixate FS. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Among patients treated with Helixate FS, cases of serious allergic/hypersensitivity reactions (which may include facial swelling, flushing, hives, blood pressure decrease, nausea, rash, restlessness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, tightness of the chest, tingling, urticaria, vomiting) have been reported, particularly in very young patients or patients who have previously reacted to other factor VIII concentrates.
The following table represents the post-marketing adverse reactions as MedDRA Preferred Terms.
| MedDRA Primary SOC | Preferred Term |
| SOC = System Organ Class | |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | FVIII inhibition |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | Pruritus, urticaria, rash |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | Infusion site reaction |
| Pyrexia | |
| Immune System Disorders | Anaphylactic reaction, other hypersensitivity reactions |
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Helixate FS. It is also not known whether Helixate FS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or affect reproduction capacity. Helixate FS should be used during pregnancy only if clinically needed.
Labor and Delivery
There is no information available on the effect of factor VIII replacement therapy on labor and delivery. Helixate FS should be used only if clinically needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted into human milk. Because many drugs are excreted into human milk, caution should be exercised if Helixate FS is administered to nursing mothers. Helixate FS should be given to nursing mothers only if clinically needed.
Pediatric Use
Safety and efficacy studies have been performed in previously untreated and minimally treated pediatric patients. Children in comparison to adults present higher factor VIII clearance values and thus lower recovery of factor VIII. This may be explained by differences in body composition7 and should be taken into account when dosing or following factor VIII levels in such a population (see Pharmacokinetics [12.3]). Routine prophylactic treatment in children ages 0-2.5 years with no pre-existing joint damage has been shown to reduce spontaneous joint bleeding and the risk of joint damage. This data can be extrapolated to ages >2.5-16 years for children who have no existing joint damage (see Clinical Studies [14]).
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies with Helixate FS did not include patients aged 65 and over. Dose selection for an elderly patient should be individualized.
Helixate FS Description
Helixate FS Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) is a coagulation factor VIII produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is produced by Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells into which the human factor VIII gene has been introduced.8 The cell culture medium contains Human Plasma Protein Solution (HPPS) and recombinant insulin, but does not contain any proteins derived from animal sources. Helixate FS is a purified glycoprotein consisting of multiple peptides including an 80 kD and various extensions of the 90 kD subunit. It has the same biological activity as factor VIII derived from human plasma. No human or animal proteins, such as albumin, are added during the purification and formulation processes of Helixate FS.
The purification process includes a solvent/detergent virus inactivation step in addition to the use of the purification methods of ion exchange chromatography, monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography, along with other chromatographic steps designed to purify recombinant factor VIII and remove contaminating substances.
Additionally, the manufacturing process was investigated for its capacity to decrease the infectivity of an experimental agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), considered as a model for the vCJD and CJD agents.9-21 Several of the individual production and raw material preparation steps in the Helixate FS manufacturing process have been shown to decrease TSE infectivity of that experimental model agent. TSE reduction steps include the Fraction II+III separation step for HPPS (6.0 log10) and an anion exchange chromatography step (3.6 log10).
Helixate FS is formulated with the following as stabilizers (see Table 7) in the final container and is then lyophilized. The final product is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, preservative-free, powder preparation for intravenous (IV) injection. Intravenous administration of sucrose contained in Helixate FS will not affect blood glucose levels.
| Stabilizer | 250 IU, 500 IU, 1000 IU | 2000 IU, 3000 IU |
| Sucrose | 0.9 – 1.3% | 0.9 – 1.2% |
| Glycine | 21 – 25 mg/mL | 20 – 24 mg/mL |
| Histidine | 18 – 23 mmol/L | 17 – 22 mmol/L |
The following inactive ingredients/excipients are also contained in the final product:
| Inactive Ingredient/Excipient | 250 IU, 500 IU, 1000 IU | 2000 IU, 3000 IU |
| Sodium | 27 – 36 mEq/L | 26 – 34 mEq/L |
| Calcium | 2.0 – 3.0 mmol/L | 1.9 – 2.9 mmol/L |
| Chloride | 32 – 40 mEq/L | 31 – 38 mEq/L |
| Polysorbate 80 | 64 – 96 μg/mL | 64 – 96 μg/mL |
| Sucrose | 28 mg/vial | 52 mg/vial |
| Imidazole, tri-n-butyl phosphate, and copper | Trace amounts | Trace amounts |
Each vial of Helixate FS contains the labeled amount of recombinant factor VIII in international units (IU). One IU, as defined by the World Health Organization standard for blood coagulation factor VIII, human, is approximately equal to the level of factor VIII activity found in 1 mL of fresh pooled human plasma.
Helixate FS - Clinical Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Helixate FS temporarily replaces the missing clotting factor VIII that is needed for effective hemostasis.
Pharmacodynamics
The aPTT is prolonged in patients with hemophilia. Determination of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a conventional in vitro assay for biological activity of factor VIII. Treatment with Helixate FS normalizes the aPTT over the effective dosing period.
Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetic properties of Helixate FS were investigated in two separate studies in previously treated patients, adults and children.
Pharmacokinetic studies with Helixate FS were conducted in 20 PTPs (ages 12 to 33 years) with severe hemophilia A in North America. The pharmacokinetic parameters for Helixate FS were measured in a randomized, crossover clinical trial with the predecessor HELIXATE product with a single dose administration of 50 IU/kg. After 24 weeks, the same dose of Helixate FS was administered to the same patients. The recovery and half-life data for Helixate FS were unchanged after 24 weeks of continued treatment with sustained efficacy and no evidence of factor VIII inhibition (see Table 9).
| Parameter | Helixate FS | HELIXATE | |
| Initial PK Mean (±SD) | PK at week 24 Mean (±SD) | Reference Mean (±SD) | |
| AUC (IU ∙ h/dL) | 1588.05 ± 344.32 | 1487.08 ± 381.73 | 1879.02 ± 412.32 |
| Cmax (IU/dL) | 114.95 ± 20.19 | 109.42 ± 20.09 | 127.40 ± 33.21 |
| Half-life (hr) | 13.74 ± 1.82 | 14.60 ± 4.38 | 14.07 ± 2.62 |
| In Vivo Recovery (IU/dL / IU/kg) | 2.20 ± 0.34 | 2.11 ± 0.37 | 2.43 ± 0.60 |
The pharmacokinetics of Helixate FS were investigated in pediatric PTPs (4.4-18.1 years of age, average age 12).7 The pharmacokinetic parameters in children compared to adults show differences in higher clearance, lower incremental in vivo factor VIII recovery and a shorter factor VIII half-life. This might be explained by differences in body composition such as body surface area and plasma volume. The pharmacokinetic parameters are depicted in Table 10.
| Parameter | Mean (range) |
| AUC (IU ∙ h/dL) | 1320.0 |
| Clearance (mL/h∙kg) | 4.1 |
| Half-life (hr) | 10.7 (7.8 – 15.3) |
| In Vivo Recovery (IU/dL / IU/kg) | 1.9 (1.25 – 2.76) |
Nonclinical Toxicology
Preclinical studies evaluating Helixate FS in hemophilia A with mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs demonstrated safe and effective restoration of hemostasis. Doses several fold higher than the recommended clinical dose (related to body weight) did not demonstrate any acute or subacute toxic effect for Helixate FS in laboratory animals.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
No studies have been conducted with Helixate FS to assess its mutagenic or carcinogenic potential and impairment of fertility. Helixate FS has been shown to be comparable to the predecessor product with respect to its biochemical and physiochemical properties, as well as its non-clinical in vivo pharmacology and toxicology. By inference, the predecessor product and Helixate FS would be expected to have equivalent mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.
The predecessor product did not demonstrate reverse mutation or chromosomal aberrations at doses substantially greater than the maximum expected clinical dose. In vivo evaluation with the predecessor product in animals using doses ranging between 10 and 40 times the expected clinical maximum also indicated that the predecessor product did not possess a mutagenic potential. Long-term investigations of carcinogenic potential in animals have not been performed due to the immune response to heterologous proteins in all non-human mammalian species.
Clinical Studies
Previously Treated Patients (PTPs)
A total of 73 patients with severe (≤ 2% FVIII) hemophilia A, ages 12–59, who had been previously treated with other recombinant or with plasma-derived AHF products, were treated up to 54-months in open label studies with Helixate FS in Europe and North America. A total of 5,684 bleeding episodes were treated during the studies. Patients could be treated on demand or on prophylaxis. Regularly scheduled prophylaxis treatment represented 76% of all infusions (treatment regimens of 2-3 infusions per week) (see Table 11).
| Clinical Parameters | Results |
| No. of Infusions of Helixate FS Administered | 24,924 |
| No. of IU Administered | 45 million IU |
| No. of Bleeds Treated with Helixate FS | 5,684 |
| Percentage of Bleeds Treated with One or Two Infusions of Helixate FS | one infusion: 79.7% two infusions: 13.0% total: 92.7% |
| Mean Helixate FS Dose per Treatment Infusion (in Europe and North America, Respectively) | Approximately 32.5 and 29.6 IU/kg per treatment infusion |
A total of 31 patients received Helixate FS for 43 surgical procedures during the PTP studies. There were both minor and major surgery types, 27 and 16 respectively. The surgeon or treating physician assigned a rating to the hemostatic outcome according to 4 categories; "excellent", "good", "moderate", or "none". Hemostasis was rated as satisfactory ("excellent" or "good") in all cases (see Table 13).
Previously Untreated and Minimally Treated Patients (PUPs and MTPs)
Helixate FS has been used in the treatment of bleeding episodes in previously untreated pediatric patients (PUPs) and minimally treated patients (MTPs) with severe (< 2% FVIII) hemophilia A. There were 37 PUPs and 24 MTPs (defined as having equal to or less than 4 exposure days) treated with a total of 9,419 infusions of Helixate FS for a follow up duration up to 3.1 years. A total of 1,047 bleeding episodes were treated.
| Clinical Parameters | Results |
| No. of Infusions of Helixate FS Administered | 9,419 |
| No. of Exposure Days to Helixate FS (median) | 115 exposure days |
| No. of IU Administered | 7.5 million IU |
| No. of Bleeds Treated with Helixate FS | 1,047 |
| Percentage of Bleeds Treated with One or Two Infusions of Helixate FS | one infusion: 73.1% two infusions: 15.0% total: 88.1% |
A total of 29 surgical procedures were performed in 23 patients during the PUPs and MTPs study. There were both minor and major surgery types, 23 and 6 respectively. The surgeon or treating physician assigned a rating to the hemostatic outcome according to 4 categories; "excellent", "good", "moderate", or "none". Hemostasis was rated as satisfactory ("excellent" or "good") in all cases (see Table 13).
| Type of Surgery | PTPs (N=31) | PUPs/MTPs (N=23) | ||
| No. of Surgical Events | Outcome "Good" or "Excellent" | No. of Surgical Events | Outcome "Good" or "Excellent" | |
| Minor Surgery (i.e. tooth extractions, catheter implantations, liver biopsies) | 24 | 100% | 21 | 100% |
| Major Surgery (i.e. joint replacements, craniotomies, gastrointestinal resection) | 16 | 100% | 6 | 100% |
| Total | 43 | 29 | ||
Pediatric Prophylaxis and Joint Damage Risk Reduction
A total of 65 boys less than 30 months of age with severe hemophilia A (FVIII level ≤ 2 IU/dL) and with ≤ 2 bleeds into each index joint and normal baseline joint imaging, were observed for up to 5.5 years in a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study.5 Patients received either 25 IU/kg every other day (primary prophylaxis; n=32) or at least 3 doses totaling a minimum of 80 IU/kg at the time of a bleeding episode (enhanced episodic; n=33). Joint damage was evaluated by magnetic resonance im
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